UNIT · peptides · standard · freshness 90d
GLP-1 vs GLP-1/GIP Dual Agonists — Semaglutide, Tirzepatide, Retatrutide
How the GLP-1 class has evolved through 2026 — single-pathway agonists (semaglutide), dual GLP-1/GIP (tirzepatide), and triple GLP-1/GIP/glucagon (retatrutide). Efficacy, side effects, and where each currently fits.
PREVIEW · free to read
Educational. These are prescription drugs — use is supervised by a clinician. Nothing here is medical advice.
The class today
| Drug | Mechanism | Brand(s) | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Semaglutide | GLP-1 agonist | Ozempic (T2D), Wegovy (obesity), Rybelsus (oral) | Approved |
| Tirzepatide | GLP-1 + GIP dual agonist | Mounjaro (T2D), Zepbound (obesity) | Approved |
| Retatrutide | GLP-1 + GIP + glucagon triple | (no brand yet) | Phase III readouts 2025–2026 |
What the evidence shows
Semaglutide (single-pathway GLP-1)
STEP trials demonstrated mean weight loss of ~14.9% at 68 weeks in adults with obesity (Wilding et al., NEJM 2021). Cardiovascular benefit shown in SELECT (2023) — 20% reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events in overweight/obese patients with established CVD.
Tirzepatide (dual GLP-1/GIP)
SURMOUNT-1 (Jastreboff et al., NEJM 2022) showed mean weight loss of ~22.5% at 72 weeks…
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